Where does “Новъгородъ” come from?
Новъгородъ (Old East Slavic) comes from Old East Slavic городъ, from Proto-Slavic gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic gardas, from Proto-Indo-European gʰerdʰ- — to enclose, to encircle; enclosure, fence, belt.
Ancestry of “Новъгородъ”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | Old East Slavic | городъ | — |
| 2 | Proto-Slavic | gȏrdъ | fortified settlement |
| 3 | Proto-Balto-Slavic | gardas | enclosure |
| 4 | Proto-Indo-European | gʰerdʰ- | to enclose, to encircle; enclosure, fence, belt |