Where does “pedwar ar ddeg” come from?
pedwar ar ddeg (Welsh) comes from Welsh pedwar, from Middle Welsh pedwar, from Old Welsh petuar, from Proto-Brythonic pedwar, from Proto-Celtic *kʷetwores, from Proto-Indo-European kʷetwóres, from Proto-Indo-European kʷe- — and.
pedwar ar ddeg (Welsh): fourteen
Definitions
- fourteen
Ancestry of “pedwar ar ddeg”, step by step
pedwar ar ddeg traces back through 3 separate lines of ancestry.
via Welsh pedwar
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Welsh | pedwar | four |
| 2 | Middle Welsh | pedwar | — |
| 3 | Old Welsh | petuar | — |
| 4 | Proto-Brythonic | pedwar | four |
| 5 | Proto-Celtic | *kʷetwores | four |
| 6 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷetwóres | four |
| 7 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷe- | and |
via Welsh ar
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Welsh | ar | on; about to |
| 2 | Middle Welsh | ar | on, upon; over, of; he/she who, whoever |
| 3 | Proto-Brythonic | ar | in front of; ploughing, ploughed land |
| 4 | Proto-Celtic | aros | ploughing, ploughed land |
| 5 | Proto-Indo-European | h₂erh₃-o- | ploughing |
| 6 | Proto-Indo-European | h₂erh₃- | to plough |
| 7 | Proto-Indo-European | h₁er- | earth |