Where does “hard” come from?

hard (Dutch) comes from Middle Dutch hart, from Old Dutch hart, from Proto-West Germanic hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic harduz, from Proto-Indo-European kert-, from Proto-Turkic *keŕ- — to travel, tour.

hard (Dutch): hard, strong; strong, not easily devalued;...

Definitions

  1. hard, strong; strong, not easily devalued;...

Ancestry of “hard”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle Dutchharthard; solid, sturdy; hard, harsh, cruel
2Old Dutchharthard
3Proto-West Germanichard(ī)hard
4Proto-Germanicharduzhard; brave
5Proto-Indo-Europeankert-times; to weave, twist together; time
6Proto-Turkic*keŕ-to travel, tour

Words derived from “hard”

Every word from Proto-Turkic *keŕ- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European kert- →Every word from Proto-Germanic harduz →