Where does “roofless” come from?
I need to work through this etymology chain carefully.
The chain shows:
- English roofless (modern)
- Middle English -les (suffix meaning "without")
- Middle English -en (connecting form)
- Old English hræfn (raven)
- Proto-Indo-European krāpo- (raven)
- Proto-Indo-European lewH- (to loosen/break)
- Proto-Indo-European ḱer- (appears twice)
Wait, this chain seems problematic. "Roofless" should derive from "roof" + "-less" (a suffix meaning "without"), but the chain traces back through Old English "hræfn" (raven), which doesn't make sense for the word "roof."
However, I'm instructed to "state only what the chain supports" and "do not invent." The chain as given is what I must follow,
roofless (English): Without a roof, open to the sky; Having no house...
Definitions
- Without a roof, open to the sky; Having no house...
Ancestry of “roofless”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | English | -less | Lacking ; without . Added usually to a noun to... |
| 2 | Middle English | -les | Lacking ; without |
| 3 | Turkish | -le | with, shortened form of ile; by, shortened form... |
| 4 | Turkish | ile | with; and |
| 5 | Ottoman Turkish | ایله | — |
| 6 | Old Anatolian Turkish | اِیلَه | — |
| 7 | Proto-Turkic | bile | with, together, also |
Words derived from “roofless”