Where does “gempa utama” come from?

gempa utama (Indonesian) comes from English mainshock, from English shock, from French choquer, from German schockieren, from Spanish chocar, from Portuguese chocar, from Russian шоки́ровать, from Russian -и́ровать.

gempa utama (Indonesian): the largest earthquake in a sequence. Sometimes preceded by foreshocks and almost always followed by aftershocks which are of lesser intensity; mainshock

Definitions

  1. the largest earthquake in a sequence. Sometimes preceded by foreshocks and almost always followed by aftershocks which are of lesser intensity; mainshock

Ancestry of “gempa utama”, step by step

gempa utama traces back through 3 separate lines of ancestry.

via English mainshock

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1EnglishmainshockThe largest earthquake in a sequence. Sometimes...
2EnglishshockA sudden, heavy impact; A discontinuity arising...
3Frenchchoquerto hit, to collide; to shock
4Germanschockierento shock
5Spanishchocarto crash; to bump into, to collide with; to...
6Portuguesechocarto brood; to hatch; to linger
7Russianшоки́роватьto horrify, to scandalize, to shock
8Russian-и́роватьa productive verbal suffix, also used to create new verbs, especially from loanwords
9German-ierenVerb suffix: it and its inflected forms are found...
10French-erForms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs
11English-erA person or thing that does an action indicated...
12Middle English-eragentive suffix; agent noun suffix
13Old French-erAlternative form of -ier, verbal suffix;...
14Latin-ārefirst conjugation
15Proto-Italic-āōForms primarily denominative verbs
16Proto-Indo-European-eh₂yétiCreates iterative/ frequentative/ intensive...
17Proto-Indo-European-yétiCreates intransitive, often deponent,...
18Proto-Indo-Europeanyé-

via Indonesian utama

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Indonesianutamabest
2Malayutamamain
3Classical Malayutamabest; main, principal
4Sanskritउत्तमuppermost, highest, most elevated; chief,...
5Proto-Indo-Aryanuttamás
6Proto-Indo-Iranianutˢtamáshighest, most elevated
7Proto-Indo-Europeanud-tm̥m-ó-s
8Proto-Indo-Europeanúdout, outward

via Indonesian gempa

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Indonesiangempaquake
2Malaygempaquake; tremor
3Sanskritकम्पtrembling motion, tremor, shaking; an earthquake;...
4Sanskritकम्प्to tremble, shake; to cause to tremble or shake;...
5Proto-Indo-Europeankh₂em-to bend, to curve
Every word from Proto-Indo-European yé-