Where does “penosissimo” come from?

penosissimo (Italian) comes from Italian penoso, from Italian pena, from Latin poenā, from Ancient Greek ποινή, from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂, from Proto-Indo-European kʷey- — to pay; to avenge.

Ancestry of “penosissimo”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Italianpenosopathetic, pitiful; painful; anxious
2Italianpenasorrow; trouble; worry, anxiety
3Latinpoenāpenalty, punishment
4Ancient Greekποινήblood money, wergeld; fine, ransom, penalty,...
5Proto-Hellenickʷoinā́
6Proto-Indo-Europeankʷoynéh₂payment; punishment, vengeance
7Proto-Indo-Europeankʷey-to pay; to avenge
Every word from Proto-Indo-European kʷey-Every word from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂Every word from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́