Where does “твьрдъ” come from?

твьрдъ (Old East Slavic) comes from Proto-Slavic tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European twerH- — to enclose, fence in; to grab, seize; to stir.

Ancestry of “твьрдъ”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Proto-Slavictvьrdъhard, firm, solid
2Proto-Balto-Slavic*twírˀtashard, firm, solid
3Proto-Indo-EuropeantwerH-to enclose, fence in; to grab, seize; to stir

Words derived from “твьрдъ”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European twerH- →Every word from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas →Every word from Proto-Slavic tvьrdъ →
твьрдъ — Etymology, Origin & Word History | Etymology Explorer