Where does “utwardzać” come from?

utwardzać (Polish) comes from Polish utwardzić, from Polish Twardy, from Polish twardy, from Proto-Slavic tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European twerH- — to enclose, fence in; to grab, seize; to stir.

utwardzać (Polish): to harden; to indurate; to make hard

Definitions

  1. to harden; to indurate; to make hard

Ancestry of “utwardzać”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Polishutwardzićto harden; to indurate; to make hard
2PolishTwardyhard
3Polishtwardyhard; tough; firm
4Proto-Slavictvьrdъhard, firm, solid
5Proto-Balto-Slavic*twírˀtashard, firm, solid
6Proto-Indo-EuropeantwerH-to enclose, fence in; to grab, seize; to stir

Words derived from “utwardzać”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European twerH- →Every word from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas →Every word from Proto-Slavic tvьrdъ →