Where does “dušmánah” come from?
dušmánah (Proto-Iranian) comes from Proto-Indo-Iranian dušmánas, from Proto-Indo-European dusmenḗs, from Proto-Indo-European dus-, from Proto-Indo-European dēwǝ- — to fail, be behind, be lacking.
dušmánah (Proto-Iranian): ill-dispositioned, hostile; enemy
Definitions
- ill-dispositioned, hostile; enemy
Ancestry of “dušmánah”, step by step
dušmánah traces back through two separate lines of ancestry.
via Proto-Indo-Iranian dušmánas
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proto-Indo-Iranian | dušmánas | ill-dispositioned; perverse-minded;... |
| 2 | Proto-Indo-European | dusmenḗs | ill-disposed |
| 3 | Proto-Indo-European | dus- | bad |
| 4 | Proto-Indo-European | dēwǝ- | to fail, be behind, be lacking |
via Proto-Indo-Iranian dušmánas
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proto-Indo-Iranian | dušmánas | — |