Etymology Explorer › English

Where does “shall” come from?

Shall derives from Middle English schal, Old English sċeal, Proto-West Germanic skulan, Proto-Germanic skulaną, and ultimately Proto-Indo-European kel-, a root meaning to owe or be obligated.

shall (English): "I shall sing in the choir tomorrow"; "I hope...

Definitions

  1. "I shall sing in the choir tomorrow"; "I hope...

Ancestry of “shall”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Middle Englishschal—
2Old Englishsċeal—
3Proto-West Germanicskulanto owe, to be obliged
4Proto-Germanicskulanąto owe; to be obliged to, have to; shall, will,...
5Proto-Indo-Europeansḱel-—
6Proto-Indo-Europeanḱelh₁-to warm up, to be hot; to warm up, be hot

Words derived from “shall”

  • sha'n't
  • shallna
  • shalln't
  • shallnae
Every word from Proto-Indo-European ḱelh₁- →