Where does “hard” come from?

hard (Middle English) comes from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic harduz, from Proto-Indo-European kert-, from Proto-Turkic *keŕ- — to travel, tour.

hard (Middle English): hard

Definitions

  1. hard

Ancestry of “hard”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Old Englishheardhard, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern,...
2Proto-West Germanichard(ī)hard
3Proto-Germanicharduzhard; brave
4Proto-Indo-Europeankert-times; to weave, twist together; time
5Proto-Turkic*keŕ-to travel, tour

Words derived from “hard”

Every word from Proto-Turkic *keŕ- →