Where does “dwšmn'” come from?

dwšmn' (Middle Persian) comes from Proto-Iranian dušmánah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian dušmánas, from Proto-Indo-European dusmenḗs, from Proto-Indo-European dus-, from Proto-Indo-European dēwǝ- — to fail, be behind, be lacking.

Ancestry of “dwšmn'”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Proto-Iraniandušmánahill-dispositioned, hostile; enemy
2Proto-Indo-Iraniandušmánasill-dispositioned; perverse-minded;...
3Proto-Indo-Europeandusmenḗsill-disposed
4Proto-Indo-Europeandus-bad
5Proto-Indo-Europeandēwǝ-to fail, be behind, be lacking

Words derived from “dwšmn'”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European dēwǝ- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European dus- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European dusmenḗs →