Where does “pena” come from?

pena (Old Catalan) comes from Latin poenā, from Ancient Greek ποινή, from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂, from Proto-Indo-European kʷey- — to pay; to avenge.

Ancestry of “pena”, step by step

StepLanguageWordMeaning
1Latinpoenāpenalty, punishment
2Ancient Greekποινήblood money, wergeld; fine, ransom, penalty,...
3Proto-Hellenickʷoinā́—
4Proto-Indo-Europeankʷoynéh₂payment; punishment, vengeance
5Proto-Indo-Europeankʷey-to pay; to avenge

Words derived from “pena”

Every word from Proto-Indo-European kʷey- →Every word from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂ →Every word from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́ →