Where does “pena” come from?
pena (Old Catalan) comes from Latin poenā, from Ancient Greek ποινή, from Proto-Hellenic kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European kʷoynéh₂, from Proto-Indo-European kʷey- — to pay; to avenge.
Ancestry of “pena”, step by step
| Step | Language | Word | Meaning |
|---|
| 1 | Latin | poenā | — |
| 2 | Ancient Greek | ποινή | blood money, wergeld; fine, ransom, penalty,... |
| 3 | Proto-Hellenic | kʷoinā́ | — |
| 4 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷoynéh₂ | payment; punishment, vengeance |
| 5 | Proto-Indo-European | kʷey- | to pay; to avenge |